Set Apart and Sent: Acts 13:1-3

Sermon Idea: God fulfills the great commission through local churches with godly leaders who worship the Lord, are led by the Spirit, and send their best on mission. 

Introduction: Every time Kelsey and I have the privilege of serving as messengers at the SBC annual meeting, we eagerly anticipate the sending ceremony, where new missionaries are commissioned. We eagerly listen to their stories, their destinations, and their tasks. It’s a moving celebration and time of prayer that can’t help but affect you as you watch. 

A part of this commissioning ceremony always stands out in my mind. It is the easiest to overlook, but of fundamental importance. As each missionary is presented, they are identified as being sent by a local church. Kelsey and I rejoiced at so many local churches we recognized sending missionaries. I find this so moving because it reminds me that God has given the great commission to his church. Organizations may assist and partner with local churches, but they are never to compete with or replace God’s ordained agent for fulfilling the great commission, the local church.

We first learned of the church in Antioch in Acts 11:19-30. It was this congregation that had as part of its membership both Jews and Gentiles. It wasn’t long before that local church in Antioch partnered and supported the church in Jerusalem by sending financial aid during a famine (Acts 11:30). Very early, they possessed what we might call kingdom-mindedness. They pursue the good of other local congregations. 

In our text this morning, the church in Antioch becomes the first local church to send out missionaries to plant more biblical churches. The local church is God’s means and method for fulfilling the great commission. 

Aaron Menikoff & Harshit Singh write in their book, Prioritizing Missions in the Church, that churches are the origin and end of missions. 

“….churches are both the origin and the end of missions. They are the origin in that churches send missionaries—missions originate in the local church. Churches are the end in that the goal of missions is faithful, healthy churches.”

If we seek to emulate the missiological method of the Apostle Paul, Barnabas, and the church in Antioch, we need to recognize that the church’s mission isn’t to go out and make individual followers of Jesus. The local church fulfills the Great Commission by making disciples and gathering them into local churches.

The Book of Acts provides excellent examples of this. 

In Act 11, the gospel reaches Antioch, and we read in verse 21, “…a great number who believed turned to the Lord.” 

When word reached the church in Jerusalem of what was happening in Antioch, they sent Barnabas to minister to the new believers. Along the way, he grabbed Paul, and we read in verse 26, “For a whole year they met with the church and taught a great many people.” 

The great number saved is now described as an assembly, a congregation, i.e., a church.

In Acts 14, Paul and Barnabas preach the gospel in Derbe, and we read in 14:21that after they had preached the gospel to that city and had made many disciples, they returned to Lystra, Iconium, and Antioch (Ac 14:21). So they preach and make disciples. But now listen to verse 23. 

23 And when they had appointed elders for them in every church, with prayer and fasting, they committed them to the Lord in whom they had believed. (Ac 14:23)

The disciples were gathered together in churches, and part of Paul’s missionary work was to appoint elders (plural), that is, pastors, in every church. It wasn’t enough to gather Christians and call them a church. Paul provided them with structure and biblically faithful leadership to equip them for the work of the ministry. The work of the Great Commission is the planting, support, and strengthening of healthy, biblical churches. 

Beloved, we should not think of Waldo Baptist Church as an amusement in search of customers. We are not a business concerned only with financial interest. We are not a humanitarian organization. 

Waldo Baptist Church and every local church are outposts of the kingdom of heaven through which God works to raise up, support, and send workers to plant biblical, healthy churches. 

As we look at Acts 13:1-3 together now, let us reflect on our own congregation. Are we a church centered on the Great Commission? Do we believe that we exist to support and strengthen the efforts of biblical church planting?  

I want to highlight three major things about God’s work through the church in Antioch that I think are still applicable to us. God works through this local church’s leaders as they teach the Word of God, the church members as they worship and commune with God, and the church’s sending in obedience to God. 

God fulfills the great commission through…

I.) Local church leaders who teach the Word of God 

The identified leaders are called prophets and teachers.

Now there were in the church at Antioch prophets and teachers, Barnabas, Simeon who was called Niger, Lucius of Cyrene, Manaen a lifelong friend of Herod the tetrarch, and Saul. (Ac 13:1–3)

We are given not only names, but also geographic details about each person. Although it is not the main point, it is worth noting that this list of leaders demonstrates considerable diversity. Saul and Barnabas are both Jews, but the former is a Pharisee, and the latter is a Jew who speaks Greek. Simeon, Lucius, and Manaen are all Gentiles. Lucius was from North Africa, and Simeon, called Niger, is Latin for “black.” Manaen was a lifelong friend of Herod and would have had an upper-class social standing. 

These men come from different places, speak with different accents, and are shaped by different cultures. Yet, they are united in Christ and the work of the Spirit as they teach the Word of God in their church. 

The men mentioned here are prophet-teachers, those who teach the Word empowered by the Spirit for the edification of the church. Antioch was a church given a solid biblical foundation from the very beginning. In Acts 11:26, we read, “For a whole year they met with the church and taught a great many people.”

We now read in Acts 13 that multiple prophet-teachers were instructing the church in Antioch in the truth of God’s Word. We are not given insight into exactly which texts they read and taught, but we know the church is worshipping, praying, and listening to the Spirit’s leading first and foremost because they’ve been people formed by God’s Word. Perhaps they reflected on passages like Isaiah 49:6 

I will make you as a light for the nations, that my salvation may reach to the end of the earth.” (Is 49:6)

Or perhaps they were often taught Isaiah 52:7. 

7 How beautiful upon the mountains are the feet of him who brings good news, who publishes peace, who brings good news of happiness, who publishes salvation, who says to Zion, “Your God reigns.” (Is 52:7)

The church in Antioch was ready for obedience in this moment because of the instruction given to them from God’s Word and their humble reception of it. God had formed the saints in Antioch into a sacrificial, missions-centered local church by the teaching of his Word. 

The most common first step in any article, book, or talk about how to get local churches more involved in the Great Commission is to teach the Word faithfully. 

Our people should know that from beginning to end, the Bible is about God’s plan to redeem a people for himself through the death, burial, and resurrection of his Son. Our people ought to know that in the Bible, God’s will for the nations is made so clear: “…my salvation may reach to the ends of the earth,” the prophet Isaiah says. 

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Our people should get a glimpse of the glorious vision of Revelation 7:9.

9 After this I looked, and behold, a great multitude that no one could number, from every nation, from all tribes and peoples and languages, standing before the throne and before the Lamb, clothed in white robes, with palm branches in their hands, 10 and crying out with a loud voice, “Salvation belongs to our God who sits on the throne, and to the Lamb!” (Re 7:9–10)

Before churches become mission-centered, they are first bible-centered. Find me a church bored with and indifferent to the Bible, and I’ll show you a church bored with and indifferent to the nations. 

We need not only to believe the Bible, but also to trust in its sufficiency. What I mean is this: we go to Scripture to learn not only what we are to do, but how we are to do it. 

In preparation this week, I skimmed through Heartcry’s booklet explaining their mission and methodology. The second of their eleven core values for missions is the sufficiency of Scripture. Listen to this carefully. 

In our desire to fulfill the Great Commission, we will employ those means (i.e., strategies and methodologies) that are clearly set forth in the Scriptures. The more we stray from the biblical standard and rely upon our own ingenuity or cleverness, the less we will see the power of God and the advancement of His kingdom. It is a contradiction to employ unbiblical means to propagate biblical truth. It is equally dangerous to employ means that are not warranted by the Scriptures to fulfill the very tasks that the Scriptures assign to us.”

Faithfulness as a church comes not only from confessing belief in the Bible, but also from submitting to it in how we do ministry. 

After noting the diverse group of prophet-teachers, the text shifts to the church’s corporate worship gathering. Look with me now at verse 2.

II.) Local church worship and communion with God 

It is as they are worshipping God in prayer and fasting that they are led by the Spirit to affirm the calling of God on Saul and Barnabas. 

2 While they were worshiping the Lord and fasting, the Holy Spirit said, “Set apart for me Barnabas and Saul for the work to which I have called them.” (Ac 13:2)

As we have seen numerous times in Acts, the great works of God and the fruitfulness of God’s people are preceded by worship, particularly prayer and fasting. It is their communion with God that leads to deeper communion, enabling them to discern the Spirit’s leading. 

A greater experience of God is possible through sincere biblical worship and a pleading with him in prayer. It may seem simple or overly obvious, but the practice of many churches suggests the opposite. Too often, we prize our ideas, initiatives, and plans over a patient and persistent commitment to prayer. 

One of the simplest ways to apply a passage like this is to prepare for corporate worship in prayer before the church gathers and then to spend much time in prayer together as we gather. One of the things we should do, it seems to me, if we often find ourselves dissatisfied with our corporate worship gatherings, is to ask whether the root of that dissatisfaction is what happens when you’re here or what’s not happening before you get here. 

If there is no preparation, expectation, prayer, or intercession, if there is no heart of thankfulness at the reality of meeting with God and with his people, it shouldn’t surprise you when your experience seems to lack. 

Beloved, God’s work through the saints of Waldo Baptist Church will come out of the overflow of our joyful communion with him. Let us gather, having prayed, asking God to meet us here, worship in awe of his presence at his invitation, and be attentive to his voice in his Word as he teaches us. If we do that, we’ll be prepared vessels ready to be used for the advancement of the gospel and building of Christ’s church. 

III.) Local church sending in obedience to God

In response to the Spirit’s leading, the congregation affirms and commissions Saul and Barnabas with the laying on of hands. Then they are sent out. 

3 Then after fasting and praying they laid their hands on them and sent them off. (Ac 13:3)

This is not an ordination, as perhaps you’ve seen done before. This is much more like a commissioning service. There are two things I want you to see about this. 

  1. The whole congregation is present, affirming and sending Paul and Barnabas. One of the easiest ways to slowly cultivate a deeper love for missions is to do all you can to be a faithful, meaningful member of this local church. That may not make sense at first, but hopefully it will if you heed that encouragement. Prioritize members’ meetings and don’t miss them. Help us not be distracted by lesser things, but keep the mission at the forefront. If the local church is the method of fulfilling the Great Commission, then your membership in a local church is vitally required for your participation in the Great Commission. 
  1. Pray that the Lord raises up godly, qualified saints for this work, and prepare your heart to send them out if it be the Lord’s will. The church at Antioch didn’t just send any warm body to the mission field. These brothers were missed in Antioch. They were leaders. They were beloved. A massive hole was left in their absence. Healthy churches often send their best to plant or strengthen churches. 

The local church is God’s means and method for fulfilling the great commission. I want to leave you with a final note and a question. 

The note is to bring home the centrality of the local church for missions. Paul and Barnabas eventually come back and give their report to their sending church. 

26 and from there they sailed to Antioch, where they had been commended to the grace of God for the work that they had fulfilled. 27 And when they arrived and gathered the church together, they declared all that God had done with them, and how he had opened a door of faith to the Gentiles (Ac 14:26–27)

What would make us care about this so much? If you’re here and you’re not a Christian, why would we care about sending missionaries and planting churches? 

We care because God has been gracious to us by forgiving our sin, reconciling us to himself, and giving us a people to belong to—the church. The mission God has given us is to make as many disciples as we can, baptizing them in the name of the triune God and teaching them all he commands us. 

End with a clear gospel proclamation and a call for a response. 

Offensive Mercy: Jonah 4

Sermon Idea: God is merciful, yet just in all his ways. 

Introduction: A consistent theme in Scripture is that God does all that He pleases, and since God is the only perfect being, all that pleases God is right. Listen to Psalm 115:1-3. 

 Not to us, O LORD, not to us, but to your name give glory, for the sake of your steadfast love and your faithfulness!  2 Why should the nations say, “Where is their God?” 3 Our God is in the heavens; he does all that he pleases. 

Consider also Psalm 135:6, Whatever the LORD pleases, he does, in heaven and on earth, in the sea and all deeps. 

Lastly, listen closely to Isaiah 46:9-10. 

For I am God, and there is no other; I am God, and there is no one like Me, Declaring the end from the beginning and from ancient times things which have not been done, Saying, ‘My purpose will be established, and I will accomplish all My good pleasure’ (Is 46:9–10, NASB) 

The God revealed in Scripture is one who works all things in accordance with his will. He is perfect in every way and so acts in ways that please him. God does all that he pleases, and all that he does is right. 

What a great difference there is between the creator and his creation! Never have we been able to say that we act with total sovereignty. Never have we been able to say that all our actions are pleasing to us, because not all of our actions are right. 

God accomplishes all that he pleases. What God has been pleased to do in the book of Jonah is grant his mercy to the undeserving Nineveh. What so many Christians, generally and pastors especially, long to see—mass repentance and revival among a sinful people—Jonah sees, and he is angry about it. 

Jonah could not be any less like his Lord. God relents of his wrath in chapter three, but Jonah rages with wrath in chapter four. Look with me at verse one of chapter four. 

But it displeased Jonah exceedingly, and he was angry. (Jonah 4:1) 

Jonah finds God’s mercy offensive. Perhaps he believes that God’s mercy has eclipsed God’s justice. Or perhaps Jonah is just angry that God’s mercy finds a people Jonah despised. 

Jonah is angry because God is doing something in and through his life that he doesn’t understand and doesn’t like. It is here that we can most relate to Jonah and learn from his story. 

How do you respond when God is doing something in your life that you don’t understand? When God is being God, and you don’t like the outcome of your circumstances, how will you think, speak, and act in relation to God? 

Jonah’s response to God’s mercy is anger. He doesn’t like what God is doing in his life, and it leads him to take issue not with his own heart; but to take issue with God and his will. 

Jonah objects to God’s mercy, but in God’s kindness, he gives Jonah an object lesson of mercy. God’s love for Jonah does not leave him in his anger, but instructs him. God continues to work in the life of Jonah even as he prays angrily in opposition to God’s will. 

So, as we think about both Jonah’s objection and God’s object lesson this morning, it would be good for you to reflect on your own life before God. How would you respond? What would you do? After that, reflect on God’s mercy that will not leave you in your anger, frustration, and misunderstanding. He will complete the merciful work that he has begun in Jonah. He will complete the work begun in you.

I.) Jonah’s objection to God’s mercy (Jonah 4:1-4) 

Jonah’s displeasure with God’s mercy is plainly stated in Jonah’s prayer in verse two. 

2 And he prayed to the LORD and said, “O LORD, is not this what I said when I was yet in my country? That is why I made haste to flee to Tarshish; for I knew that you are a gracious God and merciful, slow to anger and abounding in steadfast love, and relenting from disaster. (Jon 4:2)

Jonah says that knowledge of God’s character motivated him to flee to Tarshish. Jonah ran from God’s call to preach in Nineveh because he knew God was gracious, merciful, slow to anger, and abounding in steadfast love, and relenting from disaster. 

Like so many of us, Jonah does not have a knowledge problem, but a heart problem. He doesn’t have an intellectual problem, but an obedience problem. Jonah’s will is out of step with God’s will. Jonah’s character is inconsistent with the character of his Lord. 

Too often, we treat discipleship as if it is primarily a knowledge issue, but with so many Christians, it is not. The saints of Waldo Baptist Church most likely do not need more knowledge, but we very well may need greater obedience to what we already know. We may not need added information, but adoring hearts that love the character and will of God. 

The more we look into Jonah’s prayer, the clearer this becomes. Jonah is quoting Exodus 34:6, the famous passage in which God reveals his glory to Moses. 

 6 The LORD passed before him and proclaimed, “The LORD, the LORD, a God merciful and gracious, slow to anger, and abounding in steadfast love and faithfulness, 7 keeping steadfast love for thousands (Ex 34:5–7)

Jonah knew Israel’s history and God’s character revealed throughout it. 

What is interesting about Jonah’s prayer is the final phrase, which comes not from Exodus 36:6 but from Exodus 32:12. Jonah is assuming the larger context. You might remember that while Moses was in God’s presence on Mt. Sinai, the people of Israel instructed Aaron to build a gold calf. He does, and they worship it, claiming the golden calf was the god who brought them out of Egypt. 

This idolatry, of course, brings the threat of God’s just judgment. Except that Moses interceded for the people in prayer. Listen carefully to Exodus 32:12. 

12 Why should the Egyptians say, ‘With evil intent did he bring them out, to kill them in the mountains and to consume them from the face of the earth’? Turn from your burning anger and relent from this disaster against your people (Ex 32:12)

God responds to Moses’ prayer and does not fully and finally judge Israel, although he would have been just in doing so. Israel received the undeserved mercy of God. That Jonah would combine these passages tells us that Jonah knows God’s character. He is just in conflict with it. He has no problem with God’s covenant people avoiding disaster because of their sin, but for God to be merciful to Nineveh? That makes him angry. 

Let’s make it even more personal. Just days ago, Jonah was praying a prayer of thanksgiving after God’s mercy delivered him from the sea, but when that same mercy is given to people he believes are undeserving, he prays a prayer of lament. 

Jesus warns us against Jonah’s attitude in the parable of the unforgiving servant. Do you remember how it goes? 

(Illustration) In the Gospel of Matthew, Jesus tells the story of a servant who owed his master 10,000 talents, but he could not pay the debt. To avoid being thrown in prison, he begs the master for mercy. The master becomes filled with pity and forgives the debt. You would think this great act of mercy would leave this servant changed forever. It did not. The servant becomes harsh with everyone who owes him money, imprisoning anyone who cannot afford to pay. When his master learns of this, he becomes furious. Listen to what the master says. 

32 Then his master summoned him and said to him, ‘You wicked servant! I forgave you all that debt because you pleaded with me. 33 And should not you have had mercy on your fellow servant, as I had mercy on you?’ (Mt 18:32–33)

Like the unforgiving servant, Jonah should have been affected by the mercy of God shown to him and his people, Israel. He should have rejoiced in the mercy of God toward Nineveh, because he was also a recipient of mercy. 

Beloved, we can be just as forgetful if we are not careful. In Christ Jesus, we have received an abundance of grace and mercy that we never deserved. That is how Paul describes our salvation in Ephesians 2:8-9. 

8 For by grace you have been saved through faith. And this is not your own doing; it is the gift of God, 9 not a result of works, so that no one may boast. (Eph 2:8–9)

God has been far more gracious and merciful to us in the gospel than we ever deserved. How can we, who’ve known so much mercy, withhold mercy from others? 

Here is the truth. Whatever good can be found in us is only there because of the grace and mercy of God through the gospel of Jesus Christ. The more we believe that, the less we will be tempted to harden our hearts against others or become angry with God when he does things we don’t understand or like. 

Jonah has forgotten that. He is angry with God, but God is going to patiently show Jonah the foolishness of his sin. Jonah is so despairing that he says he would rather die than live. God’s response is patient. He begins with a question, “Do you do well to be angry?” 

(Transition) When you object to God’s will, do not be surprised when God works in your life to teach you a lesson. That’s what God does here. Look with me at verses 5-10 to see God’s object lesson of mercy.

II.) God’s object lesson of mercy (4:5-10) 

We don’t have a response to God’s question in word, but in deed. Look at what Jonah chooses to do in verse five. 

5 Jonah went out of the city and sat to the east of the city and made a booth for himself there. He sat under it in the shade, till he should see what would become of the city. (Jon 4:5)

Why is Jonah sitting outside the city? Could it be that he is hoping Nineveh will quickly return to its wickedness, so that God relents from his mercy and judges Nineveh instead? Perhaps he goes outside the city to give God an ultimatum: judge Nineveh or end my life. Perhaps all of the above. There Jonah sits, angry with God. 

It is when Jonah is at the low point that God acts to teach him. What God does is give Jonah a series of object lessons. God is going to teach Jonah through his experience. 

The first object lesson is the plant. Look at verse six. 

6 Now the LORD God appointed a plant and made it come up over Jonah, that it might be a shade over his head, to save him from his discomfort. So Jonah was exceedingly glad because of the plant. (Jon 4:6)

We’ve encountered the word “appoint” before. In Jonah, it appears several times and teaches us about God’s sovereignty over all things, as well as his purpose in teaching Jonah a particular lesson. God appoints the plant to teach Jonah a lesson about his mercy. 

First, the plant reveals Jonah’s insufficiency to care for himself. Jonah builds a booth, but it doesn’t cover him as the plant does. God graciously provides something he cannot provide for himself—relief from the heat. 

The text tells us that Jonah, “…was exceedingly glad because of the plant.” 

Jonah is glad when he receives mercy, but angry when God is merciful to those he views as unworthy of it. What God does next with the plant is expose the inconsistency of Jonah’s heart. 

7 But when dawn came up the next day, God appointed a worm that attacked the plant, so that it withered. 8 When the sun rose, God appointed a scorching east wind, and the sun beat down on the head of Jonah so that he was faint. And he asked that he might die and said, “It is better for me to die than to live. (Jonah 4:7–8)

If the plant represented God’s mercy, the worm represents God’s judgment. God has relented in his mercy toward Jonah, so that what he experiences is, in a sense, the judgment of God. 

Jonah’s experience leads him to again declare a desire to die. In fact, he says it twice. There he sits in the sweltering heat, with no shade, and his body is growing weak. 

Friends, God loves you so much that he will allow you to experience temporary discomfort to prepare you for eternal joy. Jonah needs to experience the Lord’s discipline in order to understand his sin and be more conformed to God’s will. 

Perhaps this morning, you know that you are experiencing discomfort or consequences, and if you’re honest, know they are a direct consequence of your sin. What if God is allowing you to feel the weight of those consequences, so that you’ll see your sin, repent, and turn to him. 

Now that God has given Jonah the objects, it is time for the lesson. Look for me at verse ten-eleven. 

10 And the LORD said, “You pity the plant, for which you did not labor, nor did you make it grow, which came into being in a night and perished in a night. 11 And should not I pity Nineveh, that great city, in which there are more than 120,000 persons who do not know their right hand from their left, and also much cattle?” (Jonah 4:10–11)

Jonah did not labor to make the plant grow, yet it was there for relief, albeit for a short time. If Jonah was right to pity the plant, how much more should God pity Nineveh? The comparison is really driven home in verse 11. 

11 And should not I pity Nineveh, that great city, in which there are more than 120,000 persons who do not know their right hand from their left, and also much cattle?”

God did not create the plant or make it grow, but God created every image bearer in Nineveh. How could Jonah be so callous to the needs of human beings while pitying the plant? The wickedness of Nineveh should have been a burden on Jonah’s heart. He should have wept over them. 

If any person had the right to condemn and judge sinners, it was Jesus, but he looked at the unrepentant with pity and wept over Jerusalem. 

And when he drew near and saw the city, he wept over it, (Lk 19:410)

As Jesus was dying on the cross, he did not cease to pity those who put him there: “Father, forgive them, for they know not what they do.” (Luke 23:34) 

As we read Jonah, his failures cause us to look to another. Jonah went outside the city to await the judgment of sinners. Jesus went outside the city to be judged in the place of sinners. 

This is where God’s justice and mercy ultimately meet. The good news of the gospel is that the sin that separates us from a Holy God is justly punished in the substitutionary death of Jesus Christ. He was buried and raised from the dead, and is now seated in heaven as Lord of all. Any who look to Jesus in faith and believe will have their sins forgiven, be reconciled to God, and inherit eternal life. 

Application 

1.) Repent and believe: The God who is gracious, slow to anger, abounding in steadfast love and faithfulness, so loved the world that he sent his only-begotten Son, Jesus Christ, so that whoever believes in him should not perish but have everlasting life. If you’ve not repented of your sin and trusted Christ, don’t wait. Today is the day of salvation. Come and believe. 

2) Reflect and believe: You will notice that this book ends without a neat conclusion. Does Jonah repent? Does he become aligned with God’s will and character? I think the reason it does not tell us is becasue we are meant to reflect on our own relationship with God. 

What do you believe about God? Can you say from a joyful heart, “Our God is in the heavens; he does all that he pleases.” Or are you more like Jonah, offended by God’s way and character, demanding to have your own way?

If that is you, remember the words of Paul in Romans 11:33, 

33 Oh, the depth of the riches and wisdom and knowledge of God! How unsearchable are his judgments and how inscrutable his ways! (Ro 11:33)

God’s Merciful Response to Repentance: Jonah 3

Sermon Idea: God’s resending of Jonah and relenting of his judgment on Nineveh reveals his mercy. 

Introduction: We have said that this little book wrestles with two important themes concerning the character of God: God’s mercy and God’s justice. These two are not at odds. God is merciful, and God is just.  

This morning, these two themes will intersect again as God’s mercy reaches those far from God through the message of judgment. That message gets to Ninevah because God continues to be merciful to Jonah. This time Jonah is going to obey the Lord with his feet and lips, but his heart is still against God’s plan for Ninevah.

How quickly we can forget the amazing grace and mercy of God to us. This morning, we are going to read about God’s mercy reaching those deserving of judgment. It will come upon those who are living as enemies of God. 

This is something we have in common with Ninevah—the mercy of God came to us while we were still sinners.

6 For while we were still weak, at the right time Christ died for the ungodly. 7 For one will scarcely die for a righteous person—though perhaps for a good person one would dare even to die— 8 but God shows his love for us in that while we were still sinners, Christ died for us… (Romans 5:6-8)

This morning, we are going to learn of God’s mercy to his messenger of judgment, his mercy in his message of judgment, and God’s mercy in his relenting of judgment. 

As we do so, let us not think only of God’s mercy then, but God’s mercy to us now—the mercy that has found us in Jesus Christ. 

I.) God’s mercy to the messenger of judgment (Jonah 3:1-3)

Jonah has already been the recipient of God’s mercy in the first two chapters. As he was experiencing the storm of God’s judgment, he was thrown into the sea, but God responded to Jonah’s prayer. He is swallowed up by a great fish, a fish of salvation, who delivers Jonah from the sea and vomits him upon dry land. This leads to even more mercy. 

God does not bench Jonah and call someone else. No, the word of the Lord comes to Jonah a second time. 

Then the word of the LORD came to Jonah the second time, saying, 2 “Arise, go to Nineveh, that great city, and call out against it the message that I tell you.” (Jon 3:1–2)

You can hear how similar this is to the beginning of the book. 

Now the word of the LORD came to Jonah the son of Amittai, saying, 2 “Arise, go to Nineveh, that great city, and call out against it, for their evil has come up before me. (Jon 1:1–2)

The story has started over in a sense. Jonah gets to begin again with an opportunity to obey God and be faithful to his commission. God, in his kindness, is not only concerned with the accomplishment of his will in the world, but also the accomplishment of his will in his servants. That was true for Jonah, and it is true of you, Christian. 

It was true for Peter, the one Jesus called Simon, son of Jonah, in Matthew 16:17, who attempted to prevent Jesus from going to the cross and who denied him three times, that Jesus restores and recommissions him to feed his sheep. We’ve been studying Acts. How did Jesus do with restoring and using Peter after his failures? 

The Bible speaks of God’s faithfulness to complete what he has started in his people, and you need to believe Scripture on this point. 

6 And I am sure of this, that he who began a good work in you will bring it to completion at the day of Jesus Christ. (Php 1:5–6)

23 Now may the God of peace himself sanctify you completely, and may your whole spirit and soul and body be kept blameless at the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ. 24 He who calls you is faithful; he will surely do it. (1 Th 5:23–24)

Perhaps this is the message you need to hear this morning. Maybe there is failure to obey God in your past, or perhaps you’re repenting of failure to obey God in the present. The message that you need is not, “don’t be so hard on yourself. It’s ok, really.” 

The message that you need is that your sin is great, but God’s mercy is greater. He is a God who does not abandon his people. God is not done with you, repentant saint! God can finish what he started in your reluctant repenter. He can and will use you in some capacity in his kingdom and for his glory. 

Don’t read past it too fast. The word of the Lord came to Jonah a second time. As you gather week in and week out on the Lord’s Day, the word of the Lord comes to you again and again. That is mercy. That is grace. 

God’s mercy leads to Jonah’s obedience. Now let’s look at what happens when Ninevah hears the message.  

II.) God’s mercy in the message of judgment (Jonah 3:4-9)

I want to first point out something significant about verse 3, if you’ll read it with me.  

3 So Jonah arose and went to Nineveh, according to the word of the LORD. Now Nineveh was an exceedingly great city, three days’ journey in breadth. (Jon 3:3)

We can easily understand that the city is large, and it would have taken Jonah several days to travel there. That is easy enough, but there is more to this. 

Nineveh is not only a great city in size, but also before the LORD. That phrase “exceedingly great” is interesting becasue the word translated as “exceedingly” is the common Hebrew word for “god”. There is probably a footnote in your Bible on the bottom of the page that reads something like, “Hebrew, a great city to God.”

That is exactly how the Greek translation of the Old Testament renders this verse. 

3 And Jonah rose up and went to Nineveh, just as the Lord had spoken. Now Nineveh was a large city before God, a journey of about three days. (Jon 3:3)

Why am I bringing this up? Nineveh is a city under the sovereign reign of God. He has a purpose and a plan. Nineveh will be used to accomplish God’s will. Jonah is God’s messenger, and he is entering a city under God’s sovereign control.  

What is the message Jonah is to deliver? Look at verse 4. 

 4 Jonah began to go into the city, going a day’s journey. And he called out, “Yet forty days, and Nineveh shall be overthrown!”(Jon 3:3–4)

This may very well be a summary of Jonah’s message, but his core message is given here. The message God gives to Jonah is a warning of judgment becasue of their evil ways. 

I think there is something to learn about the simplicity of Jonah’s message. God’s wrath is on Ninevah and will remain unless they repent. It is a hard message, but a loving one. If they don’t hear the warning about God’s judgment, they would have never been led to cease their evil ways. 

It may be tempting for us to downplay, silence, and dismiss the truth of God’s justice and his wrath against sin, but that would not be loving. 

In 2013, the United Methodist Church made headlines for removing the song, In Christ Alone from their songbooks because of the line, “Till on that cross where Jesus died, the wrath of God was satisfied.” 

Of course, that was long before they made their most recent move. Compromising on biblical sexuality and ordaining ministers who are openly LGBTQ+. Those two things are most certainly connected. 

The idea that God is just and wrathful toward sin may be unpopular, but it is quite biblical. The message Jonah preaches to Nineveh is that the God who made heaven and earth must judge their sin if they do not repent. 

Why is the message merciful? Becasue it’s meant to lead to repentance. Why proclaim judgment in 40 days? So there is time to respond and repent! The message of judgment is actually a mercy to Ninevah. 

The whole gospel is the same way. It is merciful to those who hear it. Yes, we have to talk about sin, death, and judgment, but we focus on sin placed on Jesus Christ, and judged in the death of Christ. No one likes to hear they are accountable for breaking God’s law, but it’s a message of mercy meant to lead to repentance. 

Ninevah’s response is swift and decisive. 

5 And the people of Nineveh believed God. They called for a fast and put on sackcloth, from the greatest of them to the least of them. 6 The word reached the king of Nineveh, and he arose from his throne, removed his robe, covered himself with sackcloth, and sat in ashes. 7 And he issued a proclamation and published through Nineveh, “By the decree of the king and his nobles: Let neither man nor beast, herd nor flock, taste anything. Let them not feed or drink water, 8 but let man and beast be covered with sackcloth, and let them call out mightily to God. Let everyone turn from his evil way and from the violence that is in his hands. (Jon 3:5–8)

What are we supposed to learn about the nature of God’s message and the nature of Ninevah’s repentance? 

God is just, so he cares about injustice 

God cares about injustice in the world, whether it is injustice by Israel or the nations. Nineveh was a place of oppression and violence. They extended their borders with oppression and violence. 

God addresses these wicked ways, and because he does, Ninevah ceases to commit acts of injustice, at least for now. 

This is consistent with how God holds Israel accountable. Listen to this from Isaiah. 

16 Wash yourselves; make yourselves clean; remove the evil of your deeds from before my eyes; cease to do evil, 17 learn to do good;seek justice, correct oppression; bring justice to the fatherless, plead the widow’s cause. (Is 1:16–17)

Part of discipleship is being conformed into the image of Christ. That includes learning to see the world the way God does in accordance with His Word. If God cares about evil injustice in society, so should we. 

Nineveh is an example of repentance

The last time we studied Jonah, I made a connection to Matthew 12, but I want to do so again. I made the point then that Jesus is the better and greater Jonah—and he is! Now I want us to see the larger context. Jesus appeals to the Jonah story to teach the Pharisees about repentance. 

41 The men of Nineveh will rise up at the judgment with this generation and condemn it, for they repented at the preaching of Jonah, and behold, something greater than Jonah is here. (Mt 12:41)

Jesus uses the repentance of Nineveh to rebuke the Pharisees who refuse to repent and listen to Jesus. Someone greater than Jonah is here. If Nineveh listened to the voice of Jonah, we must listen to the voice of Jesus Christ. We must listen to Jesus when he says, ” Repent and believe in the gospel ” in Mark 1:15. 

Jesus came into Galilee, proclaiming the gospel of God, and saying, “The time is fulfilled, and the kingdom of God is at hand; repent and believe in the gospel.” (Mk 1:14–15)

Many of you have repented and believed the gospel of grace, but there very well may be others who have come Sunday after Sunday and who have turned from their sin and trusted Christ, who have not professed faith through baptism. Hearing this message about God’s mercy and grace should be leading you to repentance. Listen to Jesus, repent, and believe the gospel. 

Nineveh has repented with a contrite heart. How will the LORD respond to their repentance?

III.) God’s mercy in his relenting of judgment (Jonah 3:10)

10 When God saw what they did, how they turned from their evil way, God relented of the disaster that he had said he would do to them, and he did not do it. (Jon 3:10)

In God’s sovereign providence, he orchestrated the repentance of Nineveh by his grace, through his messenger Jonah. When we read that God relented or “repented” in some translations, that does not mean God was uncertain about the outcome, nor does it mean God has changed. 

It is a language that people like you and me can understand. God’s mercy was conditional upon repentance, so the word “relent” simply indicates that He will show mercy to Nineveh. 

The same can be true of you. The Bible tells us that those who do not receive Jesus have the wrath of God remaining on them.

36 Whoever believes in the Son has eternal life; whoever does not obey the Son shall not see life, but the wrath of God remains on him. (Jn 3:36)

Like Nineveh repented and God relented, so if you repent, God will remove his wrath from over your soul and count you righteous in Jesus Christ. God can be just and merciful to you, becasue of the finished work of Jesus Christ. 

For there is no distinction: 23 for all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God, 24 and are justified by his grace as a gift, through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus, 25 whom God put forward as a propitiation by his blood, to be received by faith. This was to show God’s righteousness, because in his divine forbearance he had passed over former sins. 26 It was to show his righteousness at the present time, so that he might be just and the justifier of the one who has faith in Jesus. (Ro 3:22–26)