No image in Scripture has haunted me more than the image of a shepherd. It is haunting because the image is often used negatively throughout the Bible. The Lord indicts the leaders of Israel for being self-serving, rather than feeding the sheep they feed themselves.
Thus says the Lord God: Ah, shepherds of Israel who have been feeding yourselves! Should not shepherds feed the sheep? 3 You eat the fat, you clothe yourselves with the wool, you slaughter the fat ones, but you do not feed the sheep. 4 The weak you have not strengthened, the sick you have not healed, the injured you have not bound up, the strayed you have not brought back, the lost you have not sought, and with force and harshness you have ruled them. 5 So they were scattered, because there was no shepherd, and they became food for all the wild beasts. (Eze 34:2–5)
Passages like this remind pastors of the gravity of their tasks. Pastors are called to lead, protect, and provide for the sheep.
After I walk through the valley of the hauting rebukes of these unfaithful shepherds, I see light breaking in on the horizon. The shepherd image offers a comfort that shines so brightly, the darkness cannot overcome it. God himself becomes our shepherd and does so most intimately in Jesus Christ.
The rebukes of the shepherds in Ezekiel 34 are followed by the promise that God himself will become the shepherd using language filled with messianic hope and expectation.
15 I myself will be the shepherd of my sheep, and I myself will make them lie down, declares the Lord God. 16 I will seek the lost, and I will bring back the strayed, and I will bind up the injured, and I will strengthen the weak, and the fat and the strong I will destroy. I will feed them in justice. (Eze 34:15–16)
And listen carefully to verses 23-24 which remind us that there is one shepherd whom God will set up over us.
23 And I will set up over them one shepherd, my servant David, and he shall feed them: he shall feed them and be their shepherd. 24 And I, the Lord, will be their God, and my servant David shall be prince among them. I am the Lord; I have spoken. (Eze 34:23–24)
There is hardly a better passage to contemplate the Lord as a shepherd for his people than Psalm 23. It is a royal Psalm of David, who was once a shepherd of sheep before being called to shepherd the people of Israel. In its verses we are led to the green pastures and still waters found in the gospel of Jesus Christ. In the next few posts, I’ll try and wring as much edifying truth as I can out of these verses. Today, I’ll reflect on verses 1-3, verse 4 next and conclude with verses 5-6. For now, I want us to see that the Lord is our shepherd who provides for our needs and guides our souls to rest, refreshment, and righteousness.
I.) The Lord provides for His sheep (23:1)
- The Lord provides because we are his sheep: The Lord is my shepherd (Ps 23:1)
Notice how David speaks of God as his shepherd in a personal and intimate way. God is not a shepherd generally, but particularly. He has a flock and the flock is cared for by God who is their shepherd. This is why the Psalms also employ the shepherd image corporately, but no less intimately. Consider the corporate language of Psalm 100.
We are his people, and the sheep of his pasture (Ps 100:3)
This thought alone is worthy of our reflection, gratitude, and praise. The God who created all things by the Word of his power, who sustains all things by his sovereign hand so cares for his people, the church, that he uses the image of a shepherd,so we might know the personal and intimate way he leads us.
“What condescension is this, that the infinite Lord assumes toward his people the office and character of a shepherd! It should be the subject of grateful admiration that the great God allows himself to be compared to anything which will set forth his great love and care for his own people.”- Charles Haddon Spurgeon
This, of course, should lead to a question. Can you speak of God in this intimate way? God is only the shepherd of those who have humbled themselves in absolute dependence upon the Lord. God is only the shepherd of those who have embraced their weakness, and who know they need to be led, provided for, and protected.
This humble act of dependence is faith in Jesus Christ, who is the good shepherd.
9 I am the door. If anyone enters by me, he will be saved and will go in and out and find pasture. 10 The thief comes only to steal and kill and destroy. I came that they may have life and have it abundantly. 11 I am the good shepherd. The good shepherd lays down his life for the sheep. (Jn 10:9–11)
All of the benefits in Psalm 23 depend on whether you have humbled yourself and placed your faith in the Lord Jesus Christ. The Spirit through the Psalmist is proclaiming to us the grace of God in Jesus Christ, calling any who have not to repented of their sin to trust in the Lord, finding rest in the God who will become a shepherd in Jesus Christ.
- The Lord provides so that we shall not want: I shall not want (Ps. 23:1)
As our shepherd, the Lord provides for all that we need. As a shepherd meets the needs of sheep—providing food and whatever else is necessary, so the Lord provides what his people need, so that they are not in want. This does not mean that we will always have whatever we want, but that we shall not want. When the Lord is your shepherd, life circumstances don’t determine your safety and security.
Those who depend on the Lord as their shepherd can say with Paul, 12 I know how to be brought low, and I know how to abound. In any and every circumstance, I have learned the secret of facing plenty and hunger, abundance and need. 13 I can do all things through him who strengthens me. (Php 4:12–13)
So, whatever season of life you’re entering, let me encourage you: don’t fear the uncertainty or be anxious about tomorrow. The one who feeds the birds of the air and clothes the Lilies of the field is providing for you as a shepherd.
On a more personal and individual level, some of you need to hear that although you don’t have everything you wish for, you shall not want. How often does the devil tempt us toward ingratitude and discontentment because he convinces us that we deserve all that we wish for?
This text offers an opportunity to reflect on God’s goodness and provision for you. Yes, there are material blessings, but more than that, there are spiritual blessings in Christ: the forgiveness of sin, fellowship with the saints, and a future inheritance that awaits us in heaven. As God’s people, we shall not want. All of this provision by God should lead us to ponder his goodness and praise his name.
II.) The Lord guides His sheep (23:2-3)
- The Lord’s guidance leads to rest: He makes me lie down in green pastures. He leads me beside still waters. (Ps 23:2)
A good shepherd knows where to lead his sheep so they can safely rest and enjoy the lush pasture. The image we are given is a green pasture covered in fresh vegetation that has grown after good rain.
To be sure, there is an aspect here of material provision: food, comfort, and security. But there is most certainly a spiritual significance to this image. Those who have placed their faith in Christ rest spiritually while being guided by their shepherd.
The gospel of John equates this pasture to the abundant life that comes in Jesus Christ. 9 I am the door. If anyone enters by me, he will be saved and will go in and out and find pasture….I came that they may have life and have it abundantly. (Jn 10:9–10)
We experience God’s guidance to green pastures through the ordinary means of grace: the Word of God, prayer, and the ordinances. Through these means God again and again makes us lie down in the green pastures of the gospel. We hear and we see the grace of God in Jesus Christ. We are led to rest from our works and rest in the finished work of Christ. We are led to rest from our anxiety and rest in God’s care for us.
We could spend all morning parsing out how God leads us to green pastures through the ordinary means of grace, but let’s consider just prayer for a moment.
6 do not be anxious about anything, but in everything by prayer and supplication with thanksgiving let your requests be made known to God. 7 And the peace of God, which surpasses all understanding, will guard your hearts and your minds in Christ Jesus. (Php 4:6–7)
6 Humble yourselves, therefore, under the mighty hand of God so that at the proper time he may exalt you, 7 casting all your anxieties on him, because he cares for you. (1 Pe 5:6–7)
These are not empty promises. Rest is found in the good shepherd who leads you to the green pastures of the gospel.
We should be concerned about the state of our souls when we seek rest in the things we know will fail to provide it. Perhaps during busy seasons of life and stress, you find yourself scrolling through social media an unhealthy amount. Perhaps you find yourself streaming show after show. Maybe you think spending money can offer rest and comfort. We can do this in many different ways: overeating, excessive drinking, etc.
When we find ourselves in these unhealthy patterns, we’ve taken our eyes off the shepherd’s lead and begun to wander off on our own way. What we are doing is foolishly trying to find rest in “pastures” of our own making. Christ leads us on a better path.
Notice what happens when we are led by the Lord to rest. He restores our soul.
- The Lord’s guidance restores the soul: He restores my soul. (Ps 23:3)
Again the words of Spurgeon are too good not to share, “When the soul grows sorrowful he revives it; when it is sinful he sanctifies it; when it is weak he strengthens it.”
I am willing to bet some of you are sorrowful as you read this. Others of you are broken because of repeated temptation and sin. Many of you are weak emotionally, spiritually, and maybe even physically. Perhaps you’re carying more than you’re able to share with a church member or friend.
When we gather on the Lord’s day we are to attune our hearts and minds to God our shepherd who in Jesus Christ by His Spirit will restore our souls as we follow him. We are to be reminded of the gospel of grace, the promise of the indwelling Spirit, and the hope of Christ’s return. All of these truths offer comfort for those in sorrow, forgiveness for those who have fallen, and strength for those not sure they can continue to stand.
Listen to the voice of your shepherd and believe he is the God of all comfort and Father of mercies. Confess your sin and believe that he is faithful and just to forgive you and cleanse you from all unrighteousness. Believe that you are weak and that the grace of God is sufficient for you today.
- The Lord’s guidance leads to righteousness: He leads me in paths of righteousness for his name’s sake. (Ps 23:3)
The rest and restoration that God provides lead us in paths of righteousness. God restores our souls not so we’ll keep sinning or be apathetic toward his holiness but so that we’ll live righteously before him and before the world. The righteousness mentioned here is the standard of God’s covenant, which reflects God’s righteous character.
In the Wisdom literature of the Bible, there are two paths that one might walk. One path leads to life and the other leads to death. When the Proverbs personifies Lady Folly we read in Proverbs 5, her steps follow the path to Sheol; she does not ponder the path of life; her ways wander, and she does not know it. (Pr 5:5–6)
The early Christians reflected on this in one of the earliest Christian writings called the Didache. The opening verse reads, There are two Ways: a Way of Life and a Way of Death, and the difference between these two Ways is great. (Didache 1:1)
The Lord shepherds us by leading us into the path of righteousness, which is the way of life. His Word reveals his character and his character is righteous. We are to walk in righteousness so that we might live.
The ultimate way that God leads us to paths of righteousness is to lead us to Jesus Christ, who is the righteous one. No matter how much righteous law we hear, we turn our ears, go our own way, and so have no righteousness of our own. The good news of the gospel is that we may be found righteous in Christ Jesus whose perfect obedience to the law is attributed to us through faith.
21 For our sake he made him to be sin who knew no sin, so that in him we might become the righteousness of God. (2 Co 5:21)
For his sake I have suffered the loss of all things and count them as rubbish, in order that I may gain Christ 9 and be found in him, not having a righteousness of my own that comes from the law, but that which comes through faith in Christ, the righteousness from God that depends on faith (Php 3:8–9)
It is the person who has been led by God to Jesus Christ who truly learns the paths of righteousness. After we are justified, we are, with the help of the Spirit, transformed into the image of Christ and less like our old self in Adam. We are sanctified and grow ever more to become what God has declared that we are—righteous.
What are you looking to for rest? Think about the habits and patterns of your life. How much of your pursuit of rest can be described as mindless, a distraction, or the pursuit of pleasure? Can your Christian life and the way you worship be characterized by the language of green pastures and still waters? Are you always in motion and never still? Are you always speaking and never silent?
The Lord is our shepherd who provides for our needs and guides our souls to rest, refreshment, and righteousness.
Praise be to God.
Nathaniel R. Martin 